Lag time/ cycle time

A deterministic transmission time (lag) preferably with a low jitter is required for real-time communication (motion control applications <1 μs). Processing times can be reduced by removing network infrastructure components (switches, hubs) and by processing telegrams on the fly through network devices during the cycle. Cycle times of well under 1 ms can be achieved with more efficient protocols and a faster processing time for telegrams at individual network nodes.